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KMID : 1143420220150211426
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Public Health Weekly Report
2022 Volume.15 No. 21 p.1426 ~ p.1434
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Incidence and fatality rates of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant compared with Delta variant in long term care facilities
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Park Ha-Nul
Lee Ji-Joo
Choi Ji-Hyun
Lee Hye-Young
Yu Mi
Song Yeong-Jun
Lee Sang-Eun
Park Young-Joon
Yu Jeong-Hee
Kim Eun-Young
Son Tae-Jong
Kim So-Hyeon
Kim Yeon-Jung
Park Seon-Kyeong
Yoo Han-Na
Nam Seong-Woo
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Abstract
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The Omicron variant in South Africa described it as being associated with rapid spread, mild symptoms, low severity, and low mortality. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), as of April 4, 2022, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of Coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) was 14,003,031. This study analyzed the incidence and fatality rate according to the type of
variant and vaccination status of 2,588 patients and workers in nine long term care facilities in the ROK where Delta and
Omicron variants were identified between October 23, 2021, and February 18, 2022. The incidence rate of the Omicron
variant was about 11.18 times (95% CI: 8.90-14.04) higher than that of the Delta variant, and the fatality rate of the Omicron
variant was about 48% (aRR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.32-0.87) lower. In the Delta variant group, the vaccine was effective in 44%
(aRR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.42-0.76) of those who had received second vaccinations and 83% (aRR=0.17; 95% CI: 0.12-0.26) of
those who had received third vaccinations. The preventive effect of the fatality rate in the Delta variant was 85%
(aRR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.33) for those who completed the second vaccination and 94% for those who completed the third
vaccination (aRR=0.06; 95% CI: 0.01-0.43). In the Omicron variant group, the preventive effects of the vaccine were 84%
(aRR=0.16; 95% CI: 0.06-0.38) for those who had received third vaccinations, compared to unvaccinated group. While the
fatality rate of the Omicron variant is lower than that of the Delta variant, the number of confirmed cases is higher. However,
due to the rapidly increasing number of confirmed cases despite the low fatality rate of Omicron in the ROK, severe cases
and deaths has increased. This analysis can be further developed and supplemented to identify the virus characteristics of
new variants in the future. Moreover, we expect these results to be utilized as evidence for policy decisions related to new
variants of COVID-19.
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KEYWORD
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Coronavirus disease 2019, Long term care facility, Delta variant, Omicron variant, Incidence rate, Fatality rate
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